In fourth grade, students begin to extend their learning through cross-curricular projects and presentations. In literacy, students read classroom novels that allow them to analyze characters, summarize, make connections, implement reading strategies learned and explore historical people and events through nonfiction texts. Along with their oral presentations, students are also asked to expand their understanding of content through their narrative, expository, persuasive, and non-fiction writing. The math program allows for hands-on learning which reinforces the exploration of concepts of acquired skills. In social studies, students focus on Early Native Americans, European exploration, and the settling of North America. Students also examine conflicts leading to the founding of the United States, and the effects of push and pull factors on the peoples of Africa and North America.